What are the most common causes of electrical accidents?
When it comes to electrical hazards, protection depends on safe equipment, a safe environment, and safe work practices.
Today's employee works with or uses electricity directly or indirectly throughout the work day.
As it has become a familiar part of our daily lives, we tend to stay away from the dangers posed by electricity.
Most electrical accidents result from three factors:
- Unsafe equipment or unsafe installation
- Hazardous environment or unsafe work practices
- These accidents can be avoided through the use of safe equipment, guards, grounding, circuit protection devices and safe work practices.
Safety and security equipment
All electrical conductors and equipment in the workplace must be considered “acceptable.” In order for a device to be considered acceptable, it must be marked as having been tested by a nationally recognized testing laboratory that will look for these marks on the device to deem it safe.
The equipment must be installed and operated within its designated capacity so as not to exceed the equipment limits. For example: placing the wrong switch in the on position for a very large load, causing the temperature to rise.
Matching equipment specifications to installation load expectations will help prevent harmful conditions.
There are many examples of this equipment, including:
- Watertight appliance circuit interrupters (GFCI).
- Temporary power devices.
- Standard power devices.
- Motor control devices.
- Cable control such as: cable tie, conduit, tube.
- Electric arc devices.
- Locking devices such as: port locks and switch locks.
- Cable protection systems.
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Guarding involves locating or enclosing electrical equipment to ensure that people do not accidentally come into contact with its live parts.
Effective protection requires that equipment with exposed parts operating at a voltage of 50 volts or more be located where only authorized persons qualified to work on it can access it.
Grounding
Grounding intentionally creates a low resistance path that connects to ground.
This will prevent the build-up of voltages that could cause an electrical accident that could result from the worker being on the dirt track.
A properly designed grounding system creates a low resistance path away from workers.
When properly designed, grounding greatly reduces the risk of electrical injury if combined with safe work practices.
Grounding is divided into two types:
Service, system ground, or equipment ground.
The service or grounding system is primarily designed to protect machinery, tools and insulation from damage.
That neutral or grounded conductor, usually white or grey, which is grounded at the generator or transformer at the service entrance to a building.
Equipment grounding helps protect the operator by providing a second path for current to flow in the event of a fault.
They will react faster to avoid serious shocks and injuries to the operator, and this is achieved by using circuit protection devices.
Circuit protection devices:
These devices automatically restrict or stop the flow of current in the event of a ground fault, overload or short circuit in the wiring system.
Common examples include fuses, circuit breakers, and GFCIs.
Fuses and circuit breakers automatically open or break a circuit when too much current flows through them, and they melt or trip to open the circuit.
They are slow-acting devices used primarily to protect conductors and equipment.
They generally do not open quickly enough to prevent shock or other injury.
They prevent overheating situations that lead to damage to connectors or equipment.
GFCIs are typically used in wet locations, construction sites, plant maintenance, and other high-risk areas to protect the equipment user.
These devices react much faster than fuses and circuit breakers to interrupt the flow of current before shock or injury occurs.
GFCI protection is provided in a variety of devices, including:
- utensils
- Detection units
- Ropes online
- Wire exit units
- Safe work applications
Electrical accidents can be largely avoided through safe work practices, such as:
- Unplug electrical equipment before inspection or repair.
- Shut-off/protection procedures to prevent accidental or unexpected operation of electrical equipment,
- Keep electrical tools properly maintained,
- Be careful when working near live lines
- Use appropriate personal protective equipment.
Lack of lockout/tagging procedures and use of proper isolation equipment is a major cause of unsafe work practices.
The first step before beginning any inspection, repair, or maintenance of any equipment is to follow a written procedure to isolate all power sources to prevent accidental startup of the equipment.
Only certified and trained personnel should maintain electrical equipment. Each authorized employee conducting the activity must be issued an individual lockout device, and no two lockout devices must be the same.
Only authorized personnel should apply and remove their devices.
Responsibility for the electrical safety program should not be taken for granted, rather it should be assigned to the Paris 3 electrician, electrical work practices and standards are appropriate for managing the program, and it is everyone's responsibility to follow the program to make it effective.
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